¿Los países que participan en PISA deberían interpretar por igual el ambiente socioeconómico? Un enfoque de medición de invariancia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35362/rie8413981Palabras clave:
invariancia de medición; análisis de factor confirmatorio multigrupo; teoría de reproducción cultural; Pierre Bourdieu; escalas socio-económicas; PISAResumen
Se ha argumentado que existe una falta de interpretaciones basadas en teorías, junto con una falta de comparabilidad entre países en las escalas de ambientes socioeconómicos de las evaluaciones internacionales a gran escala (ILSA, por sus siglas en inglés). A fin de dar respuesta a estos asuntos, se ha creado una nueva escala de ambiente socioeconómico basada en la teoría de reproducción cultural de Pierre Bourdieu, que distingue capital económico, cultural y social. En segundo lugar, la invariancia de medición de esta interpretación se ha probado en distintos países que participaron en PISA 2015 en tres grupos, es decir, se ha llevado a cabo un Análisis de Factor Confirmatorio Multigrupo de América Latina, Europa y Asia para examinar la medición de la variancia de esta nueva escala socio-económica. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que este cuestionario, que mide el ambiente socioeconómico, no es totalmente invariante en el análisis en relación con todos los países. No obstante, al analizar grupos más homogéneos, la invariancia de la medición se ha verificado a nivel métrico, salvo para el grupo de países de Latinoamérica. Además, se han debatido las implicaciones para el legislador junto con las recomendaciones para estudios futuros
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