Nativos digitales: ¿ocultamiento de factores generadores de fracaso escolar?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35362/rie500665Keywords:
igital natives; school failure; inclusion of youngsters; technology usage; information skills, generation netAbstract
his article aims at contributing to the discussion concerning the so called «digital natives» –expression coined by Marc Prensky (2001a) in his work Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. We challenge the myths and narratives constructed around today’s youngsters, especially those which tend to magnify the skills that involve using technology and that relegate skills essential to access and use of information. For this purpose, we go through the researches that confirm the risk of generalizing on the so called digital natives and the impact that these have on hiding the actual factors that contribute to school failure.
We focus our analysis on the information skills of the youngsters as an essential demand of today’s citizenship, and not just as an instrumental requirement to enter school culture and the competitive job market. From the analysis we came to the conclusion that when considering school failure, we should take into consideration the following key features: The first one is constituted by the non critical representations of children and youngsters as users of information technologies. These representations obstruct our understanding of their world and needs, beyond the purely technical aspects. The second feature is connected to the inability of the school and the social policies to encourage information skills that guarantee the inclusion of youngsters in civic life.
Downloads
References
Bibliografía
Adam, Lishan (1997): «Content and the Web for African Development», en Journal of Information Science, vol. 23, n. º 1.
Banwell, Linda y Gannon-Leary, Pat (2000): «jubilee: Monitoring User Information Behaviour in the Electronic Age», en Journal: OCLC Systems & Services, vol. 16, n.º 4.
Bennett, Sue, Maton, Karl y Kervin, Lisa (2008): «The “Digital Natives” Debate: A Critical Review of the Evidence», en British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 39, n.º 5.
Branch, Jeniffer (2003): «Instructional Intervention is the Key: Supporting Adolescent Information Seeking», en School Libraries Worldwide, vol. 9, n.º 2. Disponible en: http://www.iasl-online.org/files/july03-branch.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Buckingham, David (2002): Crecer en la era de los medios electrónicos. Madrid: Morata.
Case, Donald (2002): Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior. San Diego, ca: Academic Press.
Combes, Barbara (2007): «The Search for Information and the Net Generation», en International Association of School Librarianship. Selected Papers from the 36th Annual Conference.
Dorman, Steve (2000): «Implications of Growing up Digital. Review of Tapscott’s Growing up Digital», en The Journal of School Health, vol. 70, n.º 10.
Downes, T. (2002). «Blending Play, Practice and Performance: Children’s Use of Computer at Home», en Journal of Educational Enquiry, vol. 3, n.º 2.
Doyle, Cristina (1992): Outcome Measures for Information Literacy Within the Nacional Educational Goals of 1990. Final Report to National Forum on Information Literacy. Summary of Findings. Disponible en: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/13/2c/6e.pdf. [Consulta: diciembre de 2008].
Duarte, Patricia (1998): «Aproximación a las representaciones sociales en evaluación», en Guillermo Bustamante (comp.), Evaluación y lenguaje. Bogotá: Sociedad Colombiana de Pedagogía.
Eagleton, Maya, Guinee, Kathleen y Langlais, Karen (2003): «Teaching Internet Literacy Strategies: The Hero Inquiry Project», en Voices from the Middle, vol. 10, n.º 3.
Educational Testing Service (ets) (2006): 2006 ict Literacy (Information and Communication Technology Literacy) Assessment: Preliminary Findings. Disponible en: http://www.ets.org/Media/Products/ICT_Literacy/pdf/2006_Preliminary_Findings.pdf [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
Escudero, Juan M. (2005): «Fracaso escolar, exclusión educativa: ¿de qué se excluye y cómo?», en Profesorado, Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, vol. 9, n.º 1. Disponible en: http://www.ugr.es/~recfpro/Rev91.html.
Fallows, Deborah (2005): «Search Engine Users. Internet searchers are confident, satisfied and trusting – but they are also unaware and naïve», en Pew Internet & American Life Project. Disponible en: http://www.pewInternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2005/PIP_Searchengine_users.pdf.pdf . [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
Fernández Pérez, Miguel (1995): Evaluación y cambio educativo: análisis cualitativo del fracaso escolar. Madrid: Morata.
Ferro Bayona, Jesús, Amar Amar, José y Abello Llanos, Raimundo (1998): Desarrollo humano: perspectivas siglo xxi. Bogotá: Uninorte.
García Canclini, Néstor (2004): Diferentes, desiguales y desconectados. Mapas de la interculturalidad. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Jonassen, David y Grabowski, Barbara (1993): Handbook of Individual Differences, Learning and Instruction. Hillsdale, nj, Lawrence Erlbaum.
Kennedy, Gregory y otros (2006): «First Year Students’ Experiences with Technology: Are They Really Digital Natives?», en Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 24, n.º 1. Disponible en: http://www.bmu.unimelb.edu.au/research/munatives/natives_report2006.pdf. [Consulta: febrero de 2009].
Kennedy, Gregory y otros (2007): «The Net Generation Are Not Big Users of Web 2.0 Technologies: Preliminary Findings», en ict: Providing choices for learners and learning. Proceedings Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite) Singapore 2007.
http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/singapore07/procs/kennedy.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Kolb, David (1984): Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Kvavik, Robert B., Caruso, Judith B. y Morgan, Glenda (2005): ecar Study of Students and Information Technology, 2005: Convenience, Connection, Control, and Learning, vol 6. Disponible en: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ers0506/rs/ERS0506w.pdf. [Consulta: diciembre de 2008].
Livingstone, Sonia y Bober, Magdalena (2004): UK Children Go Online. Surveying the Experiences of Young People and Their Parents. Londres: lse Research Online. Disponible en: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/395/1/UKCGOsurveyreport.pdf. [Consulta: diciembre de 2008]
Molina García, Santiago (2004): El fracaso de la eso. Málaga: Aljibe.
Moreno, Roxana y Mayer, Richard (2005): «Role of guidance, reflection and interactivity in an agent-based multimedia game», en Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 97, n.º 1.
Nicholas, David y otros (2003): «Digital Information Consumers, Players and Purchasers: Information Seeking Behaviour in the New Digital Interactive Environment», en Aslib Proceedings, vol. 55, n.º 1/2.
Nicholas, David y otros (2004): «Re-appraising Information Seeking Behaviour in a Digital Environment: Bouncers, Checkers, Returnees and the Like», en Journal of Documentation, vol. 60, n.º 1.
Norris, Pippa (2001): Digital divide. Civic Engagement, Information Poverty And Internet in Democratic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Oberg, Dianne (2001). «Demonstrating that School Libraries Improve Student Achievement», en access, vol. 15, n.º 1.
Oblinger, Diana y Oblinger, James (eds.) (2005): Educating the Net Generation. An Educause Book. http://www.educause.edu/books/educatingthenetgen/5989. [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
Prensky, Mark (2001a): «Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. Part 1», en On the Horizon, vol. 9, n.º 5.
— (2001b): «Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. Part 2. Do They Really Think Differently?», en On the Horizon, vol. 9, n.º 6.
Ramalho, Ana María (2002): «Information Literacy for an Active and Effective Citinzeship». Paper prepared for unesco, the us National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, and the National Forum on Information Literacy.
Rowlands, Ian y otros (2008): «Google Generation: The Information Behaviour of the Researcher of the Future», en Aslib Proceedings, vol. 60, n.º 4. Disponible en: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=Article&Filename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/2760600401.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Rubinstein, Josh, Meyer, David y Evans, James (2001): «Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching», en Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27 (4).
Rueda, Rocío y Quintana, Antonio (2004): Ellos vienen con el chip incorporado. Aproximación a la cultura informática escolar. Bogotá: Instituto para la Investigación Educativa y el Desarrollo Pedagógico (IDEP), Instituto de Estudios Sociales Contemporáneos (iesco), Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
Sigalés, Carles y Mominó, Josep (dirs.) (2004): La escuela en la sociedad red. Internet en el ámbito educativo no universitario. Informe de investigación. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (uoc), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundació Jaume Bofill. Disponible en: http://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic/esp/pdf/PIC_ Escoles_esp.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Skiba, Diane J. (2003): «The Net Generation: Implications for Nursing Education and Practice», en nln The Living Book, cap. 1 Disponible en: http://electroni cvision.com/nln/chapter01/. [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
— y Barton, Amy (2006): «Adapting your Teaching to Accommodate the Net Generation of Learners», en ojin: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, vol. 11, n.º 2. Disponible en: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume112006/No2May06/tpc30_416076.aspx. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Tapscott, Don (1998): Growing Up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. van Dijk, Jan y Hacker, Kenneth (2003) «The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon», en The Information Society An International Journal, vol. 19, n.º 4.
Webber, Sheila y Johnston, Bill (2000): «Conceptions of Information Literacy: New Perspectives and Implications», en Journal of Information Science, vol. 26, n.º 6.
Zemsky, Robert y Massy, William (2004). Thwarted innovation: What Happened to E-Learning and Why. E-Learning Reviews.
Adam, Lishan (1997): «Content and the Web for African Development», en Journal of Information Science, vol. 23, n. º 1.
Banwell, Linda y Gannon-Leary, Pat (2000): «jubilee: Monitoring User Information Behaviour in the Electronic Age», en Journal: OCLC Systems & Services, vol. 16, n.º 4.
Bennett, Sue, Maton, Karl y Kervin, Lisa (2008): «The “Digital Natives” Debate: A Critical Review of the Evidence», en British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 39, n.º 5.
Branch, Jeniffer (2003): «Instructional Intervention is the Key: Supporting Adolescent Information Seeking», en School Libraries Worldwide, vol. 9, n.º 2. Disponible en: http://www.iasl-online.org/files/july03-branch.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Buckingham, David (2002): Crecer en la era de los medios electrónicos. Madrid: Morata.
Case, Donald (2002): Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior. San Diego, ca: Academic Press.
Combes, Barbara (2007): «The Search for Information and the Net Generation», en International Association of School Librarianship. Selected Papers from the 36th Annual Conference.
Dorman, Steve (2000): «Implications of Growing up Digital. Review of Tapscott’s Growing up Digital», en The Journal of School Health, vol. 70, n.º 10.
Downes, T. (2002). «Blending Play, Practice and Performance: Children’s Use of Computer at Home», en Journal of Educational Enquiry, vol. 3, n.º 2.
Doyle, Cristina (1992): Outcome Measures for Information Literacy Within the Nacional Educational Goals of 1990. Final Report to National Forum on Information Literacy. Summary of Findings. Disponible en: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/13/2c/6e.pdf. [Consulta: diciembre de 2008].
Duarte, Patricia (1998): «Aproximación a las representaciones sociales en evaluación», en Guillermo Bustamante (comp.), Evaluación y lenguaje. Bogotá: Sociedad Colombiana de Pedagogía.
Eagleton, Maya, Guinee, Kathleen y Langlais, Karen (2003): «Teaching Internet Literacy Strategies: The Hero Inquiry Project», en Voices from the Middle, vol. 10, n.º 3.
Educational Testing Service (ets) (2006): 2006 ict Literacy (Information and Communication Technology Literacy) Assessment: Preliminary Findings. Disponible en: http://www.ets.org/Media/Products/ICT_Literacy/pdf/2006_Preliminary_Findings.pdf [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
Escudero, Juan M. (2005): «Fracaso escolar, exclusión educativa: ¿de qué se excluye y cómo?», en Profesorado, Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, vol. 9, n.º 1. Disponible en: http://www.ugr.es/~recfpro/Rev91.html.
Fallows, Deborah (2005): «Search Engine Users. Internet searchers are confident, satisfied and trusting – but they are also unaware and naïve», en Pew Internet & American Life Project. Disponible en: http://www.pewInternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2005/PIP_Searchengine_users.pdf.pdf . [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
Fernández Pérez, Miguel (1995): Evaluación y cambio educativo: análisis cualitativo del fracaso escolar. Madrid: Morata.
Ferro Bayona, Jesús, Amar Amar, José y Abello Llanos, Raimundo (1998): Desarrollo humano: perspectivas siglo xxi. Bogotá: Uninorte.
García Canclini, Néstor (2004): Diferentes, desiguales y desconectados. Mapas de la interculturalidad. Barcelona: Gedisa.
Jonassen, David y Grabowski, Barbara (1993): Handbook of Individual Differences, Learning and Instruction. Hillsdale, nj, Lawrence Erlbaum.
Kennedy, Gregory y otros (2006): «First Year Students’ Experiences with Technology: Are They Really Digital Natives?», en Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 24, n.º 1. Disponible en: http://www.bmu.unimelb.edu.au/research/munatives/natives_report2006.pdf. [Consulta: febrero de 2009].
Kennedy, Gregory y otros (2007): «The Net Generation Are Not Big Users of Web 2.0 Technologies: Preliminary Findings», en ict: Providing choices for learners and learning. Proceedings Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite) Singapore 2007.
http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/singapore07/procs/kennedy.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Kolb, David (1984): Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Kvavik, Robert B., Caruso, Judith B. y Morgan, Glenda (2005): ecar Study of Students and Information Technology, 2005: Convenience, Connection, Control, and Learning, vol 6. Disponible en: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ers0506/rs/ERS0506w.pdf. [Consulta: diciembre de 2008].
Livingstone, Sonia y Bober, Magdalena (2004): UK Children Go Online. Surveying the Experiences of Young People and Their Parents. Londres: lse Research Online. Disponible en: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/395/1/UKCGOsurveyreport.pdf. [Consulta: diciembre de 2008]
Molina García, Santiago (2004): El fracaso de la eso. Málaga: Aljibe.
Moreno, Roxana y Mayer, Richard (2005): «Role of guidance, reflection and interactivity in an agent-based multimedia game», en Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 97, n.º 1.
Nicholas, David y otros (2003): «Digital Information Consumers, Players and Purchasers: Information Seeking Behaviour in the New Digital Interactive Environment», en Aslib Proceedings, vol. 55, n.º 1/2.
Nicholas, David y otros (2004): «Re-appraising Information Seeking Behaviour in a Digital Environment: Bouncers, Checkers, Returnees and the Like», en Journal of Documentation, vol. 60, n.º 1.
Norris, Pippa (2001): Digital divide. Civic Engagement, Information Poverty And Internet in Democratic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Oberg, Dianne (2001). «Demonstrating that School Libraries Improve Student Achievement», en access, vol. 15, n.º 1.
Oblinger, Diana y Oblinger, James (eds.) (2005): Educating the Net Generation. An Educause Book. http://www.educause.edu/books/educatingthenetgen/5989. [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
Prensky, Mark (2001a): «Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. Part 1», en On the Horizon, vol. 9, n.º 5.
— (2001b): «Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. Part 2. Do They Really Think Differently?», en On the Horizon, vol. 9, n.º 6.
Ramalho, Ana María (2002): «Information Literacy for an Active and Effective Citinzeship». Paper prepared for unesco, the us National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, and the National Forum on Information Literacy.
Rowlands, Ian y otros (2008): «Google Generation: The Information Behaviour of the Researcher of the Future», en Aslib Proceedings, vol. 60, n.º 4. Disponible en: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=Article&Filename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/2760600401.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Rubinstein, Josh, Meyer, David y Evans, James (2001): «Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching», en Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27 (4).
Rueda, Rocío y Quintana, Antonio (2004): Ellos vienen con el chip incorporado. Aproximación a la cultura informática escolar. Bogotá: Instituto para la Investigación Educativa y el Desarrollo Pedagógico (IDEP), Instituto de Estudios Sociales Contemporáneos (iesco), Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
Sigalés, Carles y Mominó, Josep (dirs.) (2004): La escuela en la sociedad red. Internet en el ámbito educativo no universitario. Informe de investigación. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (uoc), Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundació Jaume Bofill. Disponible en: http://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic/esp/pdf/PIC_ Escoles_esp.pdf. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Skiba, Diane J. (2003): «The Net Generation: Implications for Nursing Education and Practice», en nln The Living Book, cap. 1 Disponible en: http://electroni cvision.com/nln/chapter01/. [Consulta: noviembre de 2008].
— y Barton, Amy (2006): «Adapting your Teaching to Accommodate the Net Generation of Learners», en ojin: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, vol. 11, n.º 2. Disponible en: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume112006/No2May06/tpc30_416076.aspx. [Consulta: mayo de 2009].
Tapscott, Don (1998): Growing Up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. van Dijk, Jan y Hacker, Kenneth (2003) «The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon», en The Information Society An International Journal, vol. 19, n.º 4.
Webber, Sheila y Johnston, Bill (2000): «Conceptions of Information Literacy: New Perspectives and Implications», en Journal of Information Science, vol. 26, n.º 6.
Zemsky, Robert y Massy, William (2004). Thwarted innovation: What Happened to E-Learning and Why. E-Learning Reviews.
How to Cite
Cabra Torres, F., & Marciales Vivas, G. P. (2009). Nativos digitales: ¿ocultamiento de factores generadores de fracaso escolar?. Iberoamerican Journal of Education, 50, 113–130. https://doi.org/10.35362/rie500665
Published
2009-05-01
Issue
Section
Monograph articles
License
Any authors who publish with this journal accept the following terms:
