O fim das políticas de ações afirmativas no ensino superior está próximo? Lições internacionais e sua relevância para a América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35362/rie9917022Palavras-chave:
ações afirmativas, ensino superior, equidade educacional, programas compensatóriosResumo
A situação atual das políticas de ações afirmativas no ensino superior é examinada, contrastando a tendência de expansão na América Latina com o recente retrocesso nos Estados Unidos após a decisão da Suprema Corte sobre essa questão em 2023. Analise-se como a massificação do ensino superior latino-americano impulsionou políticas compensatórias voltadas para grupos historicamente marginalizados, incluindo populações indígenas e afrodescendentes. É apresentada um panorama global dessas políticas, destacando experiências na Índia, na África do Sul e na Europa, bem como casos específicos no Brasil, no Chile e na Argentina. As evidências empíricas analisadas detalhadamente demonstram os efeitos positivos das ações afirmativas no acesso e na retenção de minorias no ensino superior. Tudo isso contribui para problematizar a decisão dos EUA de eliminar os critérios raciais nas admissões universitárias, argumentando que as políticas neutras em relação à raça são insuficientes para combater discriminações históricas. Conclui-se que, apesar do precedente dos EUA, é provável que as ações afirmativas persista em outros países devido a fatores jurídicos e políticos favoráveis, embora continue a enfrentar desafios resultantes das tendências globais de desdemocratização
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