A crise do amadurecimento das agências de garantia da qualidade do ensino superior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35362/rie8814876Palavras-chave:
ensino superior, agências de validaçao, garantia da qualidadeResumo
Do ponto de vista político, as agências de garantia da qualidade do ensino superior (Agencias de Garantía de Calidad - AGC) desempenham um papel crucial na dinâmica e nas tensões de poder entre o Estado e as universidades: praticamente em todo o mundo, é proverbial a existência de uma relação de tensão entre as universidades - que defendem a sua autonomia - e o Estado, que não só financia as públicas, das quais exige prestação de contas, mas também quer garantir que o ensino superior sirva os interesses nacionais, protegendo, além disso, os direitos dos alunos e das suas famílias. Nessa tensão entre autonomia e controle, as AGCs podem vir a desempenhar um importante papel de mediação. Apesar das notáveis diferenças entre os modelos de AGC existentes, parece haver uma certa convergência de críticas que pode ser devida a uma inevitável crise de maturidade: agora que, finalmente, as AGCs se consolidaram, parece que chegou a hora de reconsiderar sua eficiência como mecanismo participativo de regulação. As críticas, internacionalmente, concentram-se em três eixos: independência política, prestação de contas e necessidade de uma maior ênfase nos resultados da aprendizagem. Os três são examinados, ao mesmo tempo que fornecem algumas pistas para a redefinição das AGCs.
Downloads
Referências
Alzafari, K. & Ursin, J. (2019). Implementation of quality assurance standards in European higher education: does context matter? Quality in Higher Education, 25(1), 58-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2019.1578069
Baldwin, R., Cave, M. & Lodge, M. (2011). Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy, and Practice. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199576081.001.0001
Beerkens, M. (2016). Quality assurance in the political context: in the midst of different expectations and conflicting goals. Quality in Higher Education, 21(3), 231-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2015.1111004
Beerkens, M. (2018). Evidence-based policy and higher education quality assurance: progress, pitfalls and promise. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3), 272-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1475248
Blackmur, D. (2008). Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? The Review of the Australian Universities Quality Agency. Quality in Higher Education, 14(3), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538320802507646
Blackmur, D. (2010). Does the Emperor Have the Right (or Any) Clothes? The Public Regulation of Higher Education Qualities over the Last Two Decades. Quality in Higher Education, 16(1), 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538321003679549
Brown, J., Kurzweil, M. & Pritchett, W. (2017). Higher Education Accreditation and Its Critics. Quality Assurance.
Brown, R. (2013). Mutuality Meets the Market: Analysing Changes in the Control of Quality Assurance in United Kingdom Higher Education 1992-2012. Higher Education Quarterly, 67(4), 420-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12028
Costes, N., Curvale, B., Kraft, M. G., Llavori, R., Malan, T. & Szanto, T. (2010). First External Evaluations of Quality Assurance Agencies--Lessons Learned. ENQA Workshop Report 10. ERIC.
Dill, D. D. (1999). Academic accountability and university adaptation: The architecture of an academic learning organization. Higher Education, 38(2), 127-154. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1003762420723
Dill, D. D. (2011). Governing Quality. In R. King, S. Marginson, & R. Naidoo (Eds.), Handbook on globalization and higher education (pp. 438). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936233.00036
Dill, D. D. & Beerkens, M. (Eds.). (2010). Public Policy for Academic Quality: Analyses of Innovative Policy Instruments. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3754-1.
Eaton, J. S. (2011). US accreditation: Meeting the challenges of accountability and student achievement. Evaluation in Higher Education, 5(1), 1-20.
Enders, J. & Westerheijden, D. F. (2017). The Dutch way of New Public Management. Policy and Society, 33(3), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.07.004
ENQA (2005). Criterios y directrices para la garantía de calidad en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA). Helsinki
Ewell, P. (2010). Twenty Years of Quality Assurance in Higher Education: What’s Happened and What’s Different? Quality in Higher Education, 16(2), 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2010.485728
Fernandez-i-Marin, X., Jordana, J. & Bianculli, A. C. (2016). Regulation and Governance, 10(3), 230.
García, A., Jordana, J., Durán, I. P. & Royo, D. S. (2020). Independence, accountability and responsibilities of quality assurance agencies in higher education: European and Latin American countries compared. European Journal of Higher Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2020.1850309
Grifoll, J. (2016). External quality assurance agencies and excellence in higher education. Educación Médica, 17(3), 94-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2016.08.001
ICFES (2018). Informe Nacional de Resultados Saber Pro 2016-2017. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3HVmP1u
Jordana, J., García, A., Pérez, I. & Sancho, D. (2018). An Independence Index of Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education: European and Latin American countries compared. EQAF.
Jordana, J., Levi-Faur, D. & Fernández, X. (2011). The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies. Comparative Political Studies, 44(10), 1343-1369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011407466
Kajaste, M., Prades, A. & Scheuthle, H. (2016). Impact evaluation from quality assurance agencies’ perspectives: methodological approaches, experiences and expectations. Quality in Higher Education, 21(3), 270-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2015.1111006
Lægreid, P. & Verhoest, K. (2010). Introduction: Reforming Public Sector Organizations. In Governance of Public Sector Organizations: Proliferation, autonomy and performance (pp. 1-18). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230290600_1
Laffont, J.-J. & Tirole, J. (1991). The politics of government decision-making: A theory of regulatory capture. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1089-1127.
Martin, M. & Stella, A. (2007). External Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Making Choices. Fundamentals of Educational Planning 85. ERIC.
Paradeise, C., Reale, E., Bleiklie, I. & Ferlie, E. (Eds.). (2009). University Governance. Western European Comparative Perspectives. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9515-3.
Pedró, F. (2021). ¿Quién le pone el cascabel al gato? Un análisis comparativo de las agencias de garantía de la calidad de la educación superior. Revista Española de Educación Comparada, 37, 129-152. https://doi.org/10.5944/reec.37.2021.27880
Stensaker, B. (2014). European trends in quality assurance: new agendas beyond the search for convergence? In Quality Assurance in Higher Education (pp. 135-148). Springer.
UNESCO IESALC. (2020). La garantía de calidad y los criterios de acreditación en la educación superior. Perspectivas internacionales. Instituto International de la UNESCO para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe.
Verhoest, K., Peters, B. G., Bouckaert, G. & Verschuere, B. (2004). The study of organisational autonomy: a conceptual review. Public Administration and Development, 24(2), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.316
Westerheijden, D. F. (2007). States and Europe and quality of higher education. In Quality assurance in higher education (pp. 73-95). Springer.
Westerheijden, D. F., Stensaker, B. & Rosa, M. J. (Eds.). (2007). Quality Assurance In Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6012-0.
Woodhouse, D. (2010). The quality of quality assurance agencies. Quality in Higher Education, 10(2), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1353832042000230572
Woodhouse, D. (2013). Global trends in quality assurance. Quality Approaches in Higher Education, 5(1), 3-7.
Como Citar
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Os(as) autores(as) que publiquem nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
