Abordaje educativo de los comportamientos antisociales en adolescentes
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https://doi.org/10.35362/rie9416214Palabras clave:
conductas antisociales; educación; prevención; desarrolloResumen
Este artículo integra conocimiento teórico y empírico en el abordaje educativo, no meramente escolar, de las conductas antisociales en la infancia y la adolescencia, con la plural pretensión de comprender mejor estos comportamientos, neutralizar los factores de riesgo, establecer las medidas oportunas una vez que se detectan y promover la prosocialidad. Dado el carácter heterogéneo y evolutivo de la antisocialidad, se subraya que, además de las actuaciones legales y clínicas, se precisa una intervención educativa de amplio espectro en los distintos contextos. Se trata en gran medida de establecer bases pedagógicas desde las que se implique a los propios menores y se oriente coordinadamente la acción familiar, escolar y social. Tras revisar distintas concepciones sobre la antisocialidad y otras nociones cercanas, se describen, en sintonía con el enfoque propuesto y el abandono de las intervenciones exclusivamente judiciales o terapéuticas, vías de actuación educativa integral, desde una perspectiva pedagógica humanista, multidimensional y sistémica, en la que la interconexión de actores y entornos desempeña un papel trascendental. Estructuralmente, la acción educativa se sistematiza a partir de cuatro vertientes (cognitiva, emocional, ética y social), que posibilitan la prevención de la antisocialidad y el fomento de la convivencia.
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